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 Possible house where he was born Da Vinci
Stage in the studio of Verrochio (important artist of the time), in Florence. He moved to Milan in 1481, where he worked for the court of Ludovico Sforza. By 1506 Leonardo worked mainly in Florence and it seems that this season has painted the Mona Lisa, his most famous. Between 1506 and 1516, lived in Milan and Rome. Invited by Francis I, traveled to France in 1516, where he died in the year 1519.
self-portrait
Gioconda (Monalisa): Main works of Da Vinci
One of the most famous of the world due to this man of science and the arts. The 'Mona Lisa' is probably the portrait of Madonna Lisa Gherardini, wife of the wealthy citizens of Venice Francesco del Giocondo commissioned to the painter. Hence, the framework also be called 'The Mona Lisa'. Suspects, however, that Leonardo has actually started the painting as a portrait of the noble woman, but then has become the image of the idea that the painter was the perfect beauty.
As already mentioned Leonardo he was interested in many areas of knowledge and their inter-relationship. Thus, Leonardo da Vinci used various mathematical concepts in painting, in architecture and projects of various inventions.
Mona Lisa '
1505
Mona Lisa in the table you can see the golden ratio in several situations. For example, if you build a rectangle around your face, you see that this is a rectangle of gold. We can subdivide this rectangle using the line of sight to draw a straight horizontal line and we have again the reason for gold. We continue to explore this proportion in many other parts of the body. The very size of the table are also a golden rectangle.
Another example of the use of mathematical concepts by Leonardo da Vinci, including the ratio of gold is the following table.
'The Annunciation'
1472
Delimiting the figure in a square and a rectangle, the rectangle has reached the proportions of gold. Interestingly this division allows the rectangle of gold fall the most important part of the picture: the angel and the couple, if the square is built on the right or the left, respectively.
The reason gold is also present in an unfinished work of Da Vinci, S. Jerome, painted around 1483.
'S. Jerónimo '
The figure of S. Jerome falls within a rectangle of perfectly gold that can be superimposed on the drawing. Admits that this has not happened by chance but because Leonardo figure deliberately built in accordance with the section of gold because of its great interest in mathematics and the use of many of their work and ideas.
The existing entry under the door of the academy of Plato, "What does not enter anyone who is a layman in geometry," withdrawal of notes by Leonardo da Vinci gives us the idea of the importance of mathematics was for him.
Leonardo also wrote "... no human research can be considered science is not open your path through mathematical exposition and demonstration."
 Leonardo da Vinci broke with all the barriers of a conservative era. In addition to creating new techniques of painting, the religious scientist challenged the policies for performing anatomical studies. It was a great designer of the future. Mirabolantes and inventions that seemed impossible to be realized, now part of the facilities of the contemporary era.
As a scientist, Leonardo has left more than 5 thousand pages of manuscripts to studies of virtually all areas of knowledge. Now as an artist, presented the world with paintings that today serve as reference for young talent of art.
Do not know much about education and training of the artist, however, many authors claim that their knowledge did not come from traditional sources, but from personal observation and practical application of their ideas.
Painter, sculptor, architect and engineer, Leonardo da Vinci was the most versatile talents of the Italian Renaissance. Their designs, combining a precision science with a great imaginative power, reflect the enormous breadth of his interests, which ranged from the biology, physiology, to hydraulic, to aeronautics and mathematics.
During the heyday of the Renaissance, Da Vinci as anatomist, concerned with the internal systems of the human body, and as artist is interested in the details of the external human form, studying their full proportions. The following image results of their interests.
"In Divine Proportion '
1490
The Renaissance thinkers saw some mathematical perfection in human form. This image is inserted in the body ideal form of the circle and the square of perfect proportions.
The image was used by Luca Pacioli in the illustration of his book From Divine Proportion.
'The Last Supper'
1495-1498
The point of leakage is placed in the right eye of Christ where he dominates the stage. Their arms, along the lines of the visual pyramid, reinforcing the view.
The painters of the Renaissance, Da Vinci, and in particular, used the concepts of projective geometry (center of projection, parallel lines represented as converging lines, point of escape) to create your tables with a three-dimensional look. A masterpiece 'The Last Supper "is a good example.
 Painting.
In Trattato della pittura, Leonardo da Vinci called this form of art as essential to the achievement of scientific exploration of nature and advised the painters not to limit the static expression of the human being. It used to paint all their scientific knowledge: its human figures derived directly from studies of anatomy, while the landscapes show the knowledge of botany and geology.
Many of his works were lost, destroyed or left unfinished. Know only about 12 paintings by Leonardo of unquestionable authenticity. Throughout his work, it is apparent the increasing importance that the artist gives the contrasts between light and shadow, and particularly the movement. With sfumato, which dilutes the human figures in the atmosphere, Leonardo made admirable synthesis between form and landscape.
Architectural works of Leonardo da Vinci
Project city
Temple centralized
Design of a circular port
Gun, invented by Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci, 'Studies on the impossibility of perpetual motion'
(Codex Forster II / 1495-1497)
Whereas at the time most of the physical principles of mechanics had not yet been established, da Vinci also gave an insightful explanation for the failed idea of unbalanced wheels, warning: "You can try to prove to themselves that the equipment that runs with many weights, each of which move as a result of the spin would suddenly make another drop weight, and so the wheel would remain in perpetual motion. But to do this are kidding themselves ... While the weight is farther from the center of the wheel, the spin becomes more difficult, although the driving force should not vary. " In other words, he argued that although the weights of an unbalanced wheel can be further from the axis and gain more torque, to the same extent the moment of inertia of the wheel increases, offsetting the gain. In the end, despite the appearances of the many and complex designs that can be created to the same principle, all these unbalanced wheels are in balance and will not turn by themselves. The first proposal for a perpetual bike was the first failure. Unfortunately, many wait for the inventors. 
Motorcycle erroneous
Every bike has a perpetual failure that prevents work forever, but throughout history there have been many failures with proposals that show a lack of understanding of various physical laws. Even the visionary genius of da Vinci and correct to order the wheel unbalanced live with the limitations of medieval knowledge. Despite his comments on the futile search for perpetual motion, and their work can be found several different designs of water pumps to move themselves!
Until some time ago, the merits of Leonardo da Vinci stayed on account of the paintings, which developed with genius. The contribution of the artist in the scientific field was just released and became better known only from the 1960s. At that time, manuscripts were found with about 700 pages with descriptions of some of his work. Through them, realized that Leonardo da Vinci brought several technological advances. He designed, for example, a machine like a helicopter and parachute schemes! (see below)
But the interest in science also influence his artistic work. Da Vinci had always manufactured and experiments with their own paints and painting techniques. As a result, some of his works have serious problems of preservation for posterity. But none of this diminishes the talent of this artist. He was innovative and has overcome all the painters of his time. Until today, his work is seen as one of the most beautiful in the world!
The "Last Supper", one of the most famous of the world, was very damaged and suffered several restorations, for which little remains of the original. It is unrivaled, however, the loneliness of Christ, in contrast to the bustle of the apostles, divided into groups of three. Judas, the traitor, is the only figure in isolation between them. The various studies and drawings of Leonardo reveal the author's concern with the minor details of the scene.
Shortly before he died, the castle of Cloux, near Amboise, France, on May 2, 1519, appointed his favorite disciple, Francisco Melzo, heir of all the valuable studies, drawings and notes that it no longer. Melzo carefully preserved the legacy, but with his death, about fifty years after the master, the manuscripts were dispersed. Retained by around 600 drawings, representing perhaps one third of the vast production of Leonardo da Vinci.
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